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UID:172@harvard-yenching.org
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20160301T140000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20160301T151500
DTSTAMP:20201027T004207Z
URL:https://www.harvard-yenching.org/events/yellow-peril-model-minority-ch
 inese-american-educational-experiences-under-perspective-racial/
SUMMARY:From “Yellow Peril” to “Model Minority”: Chinese American E
 ducational Experiences under the Perspective of Racial Formation
DESCRIPTION:\n	Chen Bateer (Professor\, Higher Education Research Institute
 \, Zhou Enlai School of Governance\, Nankai University\; HYI Visiting Scho
 lar)\n	Chair/Discussant: Natasha Warikoo (Associate Professor of Educatio
 n\, Harvard Graduate School of Education)\n\n	Co-sponsored with the Fairba
 nk Center for Chinese Studies\n\n\n	During the mid-19th century\, as Chine
 se immigrants started arriving to the US in considerable numbers\, they we
 re categorized by “yellowness\,” and finally as a “yellow peril” w
 hen their population rose to more than 100\,000 by 1880. Under the “yell
 ow peril” discourse\, they experienced serious inequity and discriminati
 on in education\, and were ineligible for citizenship. Initially\, the Chi
 nese were regarded as an inferior race to be kept away from public schools
 . Later “separate but equal” Oriental schools were set up in the 1880s
 . Prior to 1940\, the average number of years of schooling for Chinese Ame
 ricans was less than five. Ironically\, the racial designation of Chinese 
 immigrants changed from “yellow peril” to “model minority” soon af
 ter the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. The “model minority\,
 ” as a new racial representation\, influenced Chinese Americans’ exper
 iences in two ways: on the one hand\, the label put pressure on young Chin
 ese to perform educationally. It also enhanced identity development. On th
 e other hand\, it provided a stimulus for anti-Chinese sentiment among man
 y majority and other minority Americans. In the history of American immigr
 ation\, the racial position of “yellow” Chinese has been inconsistent\
 , swinging between black and white and indicating a conflicted “alien”
  and “native” relationship. “Yellow\, neither black nor white” and
  “perpetual foreigner” are the main features of Chinese racial categor
 ization in American history.
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