共产主义中国的群众运动与乡村治理 (1945-1976)

Mass Movements and Rural Governance in Communist China, 1945-76

Publications

Li Lifeng, Nanjing University

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Abstract: Following the founding of the People’s Republic, successive mass movements spread like wildfire across China’s urban and rural areas, setting the tone for the nation’s domestic politics until the late 1970s. Mass movements had already been adopted as an unconventional political strategy during the revolutionary era and continued to be practiced as an effective strategy of mobilization and governance long after the revolutionary victory. The mass movements of the CCP were characterized by mobilized political participation of the rural populace, direct intervention of the party-state in rural society, and the ubiquitous class division and class struggle. Taking advantage of mass movements, the party-state was able to mobilize the masses and realize rural governance more effectively and quickly, although they had difficulty in routinizing or institutionalizing their accomplishments. Conflicts naturally arose between the dynamics of social transformation and the normality of social operation since mass movements weakened the functions of the routine administration and increased the costs of governance.

内容提要:群众运动是中共在革命战争年代形成的一种非常规政治手段,由于它具有常规行政手段所难以比拟的优越性,在新中国成立后的很长一段时间里仍然作为一种便捷有效的动员和治理工具被广泛使用。中共群众运动的基本特征,主要体现在广大乡村民众的动员型政治参与、国家力量对乡村社会的直接介入、以及阶级划分和阶级斗争。接连不断的群众运动可以帮助党和国家在短时间内有效地动员乡村民众、实现乡村治理,但这种动员和治理的成果却难以制度化、常规化,而只能以接连不断的新运动来维系,从而在社会变革的动力与社会运行的常态之间,形成了难以消解的矛盾。

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