Lian Zhou, School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China
论文摘要：罗尔斯主张正义二原则适用的政经体制并非“福利国家的资本主义”，而是“财产所有权的民主制”或者“自由（民主）社会主义”。本文首先简述罗尔斯对自由社会主义和财产所有权的民主制的正面阐述，以及他对福利国家资本主义的批评；然后将探讨正义第一原则中的“薄版本的经济自由观”的道德理据；最后将通过援引詹姆斯.尼克尔以及本杰明.巴罗斯等人对罗尔斯经济自由观的批评意见，对罗尔斯的观点提出暂时性的修正意见。本文的结论是，罗尔斯在论述正义第一原则的政经制度选择时并没有给出令人信服的论证，因此这是一个开放的问题。
Abstract: John Rawls distinguishes five regime types viewed as social systems, complete with their political, economic, and social institutions: (a) laissez-faire capitalism; (b) welfare-state capitalism; (c) state socialism with a command economy; (d) property-owning democracy; and finally, (e) liberal (democratic) socialism. He claims that the former three systems violate the two principles of justice in at least one way, and that only property-owning democracy and liberal (democratic) socialism satisfy the two principles of justice. The justification of the thin conception of economic liberties in the first principle of justice is the key to understanding Rawls’s claim. As James Nickel and Benjamin Barros suggest, Rawls’s justification is not convincing in some aspects, hence, which social systems satisfy the two principles of justice remains an open question.
关键词：私人财产 契约自由 生产资料的所有权 政治自由的公平价值 财产所有权的民主制
Keywords: John Rawls; economic liberties; private property; contract freedom; personal property; productive property; fair value of political freedom; property-owning democracy; welfare-state capitalism
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