Yeun Chai Ku, Hoang Yen Nguyen, and Chiu Chun Chuang
in Politics and Religion Journal 19(2), 350–376 (2025), Special Issue on Southeast Asia Religions and Politics, ed. Tho Ngoc Nguyen
Abstract: This study examines the cross-cultural transmission and adaptation of the Qi Tian Da Sheng (Sun Wukong) belief among Chinese communities in Malaysia and Vietnam. As Chinese migrants settled in Southeast Asia, they introduced Qi Tian Da Sheng worship, which evolved uniquely in each region. In Malaysia, the deity symbolizes protection and cultural identity through numerous temples and community activities. In Vietnam, Qi Tian Da Sheng has integrated with local Buddhist and folk traditions, especially in the south, where he is revered as a protector and spiritual figure. This comparative analysis highlights how Qi Tian Da Sheng belief has adapted to local environments, demonstrating its significance in preserving cultural heritage and addressing spiritual needs in Southeast Asian Chinese communities.
About the author: Hoang Yen Nguyen was a HYI Visiting Scholar from 2020-21.